Pros and Cons of Lenski’s Socio-Cultural Developement Essay

Lenskis levels of socio- pagan explain the changes in cultural ideas which are ca dod by new technology. thither are four levels of development capture and gathering, horticulture and pastoralism, agriculture, and industry.The first level of development is hunting and gathering. Hunting and gathering is the use of transparent tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation. around benefits of this award could be that they severally(prenominal) did basically the similar thing, therefore, more(prenominal) equality in their society. They alike lived in small groups instead of capacious communities, so they were more societally intertwined. roughly of the negatives where having to move a wad to total migrating animals and finding victuals when their supply ran out. some other is that they were extremely vulnerable to natural disasters. With all members doing these tasks, there wasnt lots meter for other things.The second level is horticulture and pastoralism. Horticulture i s the use of hand tools to raise crops, and, pastoralism is the domestication of animals. The positives of this stratum include being able to head for the hills more which led to larger settlements. in like manner they were able to stay in the alike(p) place if they did both of these things. just about of the drawbacks were that rulers started approach into play. Also, they had to find good soil to whole kit and caboodle crops. If their society depended basically on pastoralism they tended to be nomadic.The third level is agriculture. Agriculture involve large-scale cultivation using plows harness to animals or more powerful nothing sources. Some of the positives of this stage include less(prenominal) human labor and large food surpluses. This similarly led to more hold choices and time for some to study and civilize a refined modality of life. Some of the negatives included a more impersonal and individualistic social life. This caused more social inequality and cause d there to be a few elite and galore(postnominal) serfs. hands also started gaining more power everywhere women.The fourth level is industry. Industry touch on the production of goods using advanced sources of push to drive large machinery. There were many benefits and negatives to this stage. Some of the benefits include a lot less human labor which in turn boosted productivity. There also became muchmore transportation, communication, and schooling. This started more personal freedom, political rights, and less inequality. The living standards also change magnitude in this stage, which spurred advanced medical care. Some of the drawbacks were the large factories where people were supervised by strangers. Also many cultural set surrounding family-centered life were pushed aside, which weakened the community. We also started to abuse the natural environment and created more weapons.These stages led to major changes in the way of human life. There were many benefits and drawba cks to each stage. We can learn many things by seeing the way things have changed and by studying our history.