Philosophy of Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Philosophy of Science - Essay Example Secondly, his ideas on scientific imperialism are viewed as being important in the argument against science. There have been numerous studies showing that the use of science in the societal setting has not always been advantageous. In fact, there are some studies that show that scientific legitimacy was used to establish unnecessary and unpopular initiatives on populations. Thirdly, conflicts arise between well- established scientific theories leading to confusion in their interpretation and application. He states that Newtonian perspectives on the concept of gravity were rebellious as it went against Galileo’s beliefs. This shows that science is simply an ideology that society should be shielded from (Feyerabend 65). Historians support Feyeraband’s claims by stating that prominent scientists in the past including Galileo would probably oppose the modern day science. In summary, Feyerabend arguments on the concept of science being an ideology are true. This is basing on the fact that science is contradictory, inconsistent and is even considered to be harmful against mankind in some

Truth and Lies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Truth and Lies - Essay Example It is essential to have the common awareness that men and women lie due to various situations in their lives, and only such an understanding can help one deal with the issue. If I find a client lying in a session, my first response will be one of accepting the reality of truth/lies. Then, I will ensure that I make attempts in which the client himself/herself realizes the fact about the lie and about me understanding it. Once the client is sure about the lie he/she has told, I will ask about the situations for him/her to lie so. I will make him/her be convinced of the fact that everyone lies at some moment of life. My attempts will also help him/her understand the need for humans to be truthful in life. I will also clarify the different views about truth and lies by which the client is able to make his/her choice. At the end of all these, the client will become aware of the problem of lying and the beauty of being truthful in life. I will make use of this situation to amplify the clie nt's awareness with general facts regarding the nature of lies. Coping is one of the most significant factors affecting the results of the activities undertaken in order to reduce the impact of an issue. "Coping consists of efforts, both action oriented and intra psychic, to manage (i.e. master, tolerate, reduce, minimize) environmental and internal demands and conflicts.' (Lazarus & Launier, 1978, p. 311). As Steven Gullo has pointed out, there are various styles of coping with a situation and people's selection of a particular Coping Style depends on several factors. It is important to realize that not any particular style of the six basic coping styles identified by Steven Gullo gives the complete picture of a best style. One style may seem good for a particular individual or situation while the same may be completely useless for another. An individual may make use of more than one style depending on the demands of the situation and the problem. However, one particular style may become predominant in every person along with other alternative styles. Therefore, I strongly feel that among the six basic coping styles in young people, i.e. accepting, defying, facilitating, submitting, altruistic, and optimistic, the coping style I possess is that of accepting. That is to say, I always feel there is a strong need in everyone to be heard and listened to. The energy in every person is limited and these energies need to be utilized in the right direction in order to cope with a difficult situation. It is also essential to get the maximum amount of specifications from the clients and draw the right conclusions. If one fails in obtaining the exact information regarding the issue, one can never achieve a solution to the problem and, therefore, I always make it a point that the maximum amount of the factual information is obtained from the clients. To supplement to this style, I always feel that there is a solution to every difficult situation and I am very much confident about finding these solutions, provided I approach the situa tion realistically and objectively. Therefore, the coping style I prefer is one of accepting and many often this style is assisted by my optimistic views regarding the issues. 10 RULES FOR DADS The article "10 Rules for Dads to Give Children" by Dr. Walter C. Farrell can be best comprehended as one which points out the essential guidelines that a father in the modern world

Internal Controls Essay Example for Free

Internal Controls Essay Introduction It has come to the attention of the president of LJB Company that an evaluation is needed to determine the reliability and level of compliance of the company’s internal controls. It is imperative if the company is going public that it follow the regulations set forth by governing bodies. The punishment for violation of these regulations can be up to 20 years in prison. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 helps to ensure that shareholder investments and the general public are protected from fraudulent practices within accounting. According to SOX there are five components: 1) Assessment of Internal Control- An internal control report must be included in the company’s annual report. 2) No Altering of Financial Documents- If anyone falsifies or alters financial documents they are subject to criminal penalties that includes up to 20 year in prison. 3) Must Disclose Periodic Reports- Financial statements are required to be accurate as any items off-balance could be used in a fraudulent manner. 4) Data in a timely manner- Financial data must be presented within a reasonable timely manner. The information must be written in a way that any investor could make an educated decision about investing. 5) Types of disclosure controls- Each company or organization must have policies and procedures set forth that explains guidelines that will ensure proper financial disclosure. Internal Controls-Strengths The LJB Company does show some strengths in their internal controls including: 1) Using pre-numbered invoices- This allows for the company to account for all purchases and aide in making sure all purchases are recorded properly. This also enables the company to track any fraudulent cash disbursement in the event that invoices are missing. 2) Retaining employees- It reduces turnover time and the conflicts associated with being under staffed. LJB appears to have long standing commitments with their employees which is great for staff morale. 3) The suggestion of the use of an indelible ink machine for printing checks is a great idea as the ink cannot be erased or altered in any way. This aides in keeping fraudulent activities to a minimum and is a great way to incorporate more checks and balances to ensure compliance. Internal Controls- Opportunities for Improvement There are a few opportunities for improvement that a plan of correction should be put into place quickly to correct. 1) Segregation of Duties: The Treasurer and Controller should have separate duties. There should be at least one more employee to work alongside the account who has specific supervision over the accounts receivables and accounts payable functions. 2) Physical controls- It is required that companies keep physical controls such as documentation related to assets. From a risk management perspective it would be beneficial for the company to immediately place the printed payroll checks in the safe instead of them being left in someone’s office. IT should also set up specific employee log-in and passwords in order to be able to track what is being viewed by each employee and IT guidelines should be given to staff to ensure clarity of what is required of them. It is also recommended that there is a procedure for properly handling petty cash. Employees should not be able to just leave notes but have to request and justify the need for petty cash. A proper tracking mechanism should be put into place- a recommendation would be to use employee numbers to log the expense. 3) Human Resource controls- It is recommended that a thorough background check be completed on all eligible applicants. This will provide and verify information regarding the applicant, as well as confirm/deny any criminal activities. This should be implemented as soon as possible as this is a great way to aide in protecting the company’s assets. In conclusion,  if these recommendations are adhered to and all issues addressed appropriately it is very likely that the LJB Company will be less prone to fraud and reduce errors and mistakes. References Harrison, W.T., Horngren, C.T., Thomas, W. (2013). Financial Accounting, 9th Edition. Pearson Education, Inc. (2006). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002. In A Guide to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Retrieved June 3, 2014 from www.soxlaw.com.

Importance Of God In Peoples Lives Philosophy Essay

Importance Of God In Peoples Lives Philosophy Essay Text: Thinking about God helps us to resolve many problems of life, provided we take it with faith. We are too much engrossed in our material life, which may benefit in living a life of comfort. However, this alone is not sufficient to remain in peace and achieve true happiness. Much of the troubles in the present time are due to loosing our connection with God that has resulted in dilution of moral values. When people think of God and develop own spiritual beliefs, they will find life is easier. As we bring God in realm of life and depending on how long we search and how deep we delve, we may find answers to the purpose of life. It will bring purpose and sense to many things that are happening in life. We will be less impacted from both pleasures and sufferings. When we feel alone in this life and when the going is rough, it makes us feel depressed and unhappy, unless we feel that someone is there within us to protect and make us sail through not this life but subsequent lives also. Such feelings of loneliness affect our courage, and no amount of positive attitude, behavior changes and strategies could be fully effective to keep life going. It is our spiritual interconnectedness with God that makes us to think God as our companion within us. Thinking about soul is nothing but essence of God within us. It is a force that generates love for human beings. What can be the need of soul other than love? Inner self wishes to connect with others through love. At the time of original creation, everybody has come from one source. Soul is the reflection of that source. The connection with the source can be felt when we realize essence of soul and relate our self with the soul. Soul does not think and feel differently from other fellow beings; it remains connected with other human beings with feeling of love. We cannot feel united with others by any other force but through love. It is difficult to feel oneness with others while continuing to generate hate and ill feelings. It is the love and feelings of love that connects us with other human beings. Remaining connected with God makes us to remain aligned with inner self. We are able to realize the full potential by remaining connected with others through the force of love and compas sion. When we feel that God is within us, we look to inner consciousness for guidance that prompts us to remain on right path. We look to HIM for help that provides hope and makes us to sail through the difficult times with less pain. A person who does not believe in God keeps on thinking about result of his actions and wishes to take charge of his destiny. Failing to get rewards of his effort makes him tense and stressful. He feels to have been deceived and cheated. He blames others and become cynic. However, a different thinking is held by the person who develops faith in God. He does not get bogged down with rewards as his faith in natural justice makes him to believe that divine will take care of him. He prefers to wait for the results of his actions. This is a very positive contribution to our well being from divinity and spirituality. It is similar to the child who loves his or her mother and remains unmindful of own self. He or she looks towards the mother for all the care and support. A person with the faith in God also tries to behave in the similar fashion. He /she takes God like his/her mother to defend and protect in all adversaries. It helps to bring calmness in life. As we realize presence of God or his essence within us, it makes us remain in right direction. We will better avoid doing any thing for momentarily pleasure that will harm our own consciousness. People who believe in spirituality try to remain more sincere in their dealings with others. The advantage of all these are that they face less of conflict, less of inner turmoil, and are better placed to generate happiness. We talk about positive attitudes to make us feel happy. It is not easy to develop positive attitudes and shed negative feelings unless we feel dire inner need. People remain egoistic, selfish, cunning in nature as they do not feel need for inner development. Those who believe in God try to fulfill need of soul to shed negative tendencies. They develop inner need to improve attitudes, develop love and remain humble. The challenges from life can often leave us feeling battered and alone.ÂÂ   A strong belief that we are being guided and supported by God can help feel stronger and better able to cope with difficulties and disappointments. As we believe in rebirth makes a person feel happier and more secure because it derives certain meaning to pain and suffering. We look for results not in only this birth but hope to be rewarded and compensated suitably if not in this birth then in subsequent births. Spiritual beliefs give an expanded view of life that would not otherwise have.ÂÂ   Lack of spiritual beliefs can often give feeling that life is empty and meaningless, while a strong spiritual foundation can help see that there is a deeper meaning.ÂÂ   All human beings like to see purpose and direction in life. As child we seek help from parents and remain happy unmindful of our troubles and worries. Similarly, as we develop faith on God, our perspective of life will undergo change. We will stop to attach too much importance to end results but will believe in right action. It will make us to wait for our rewards with patience. We will derive meaning and comfort even at the times of troubles. All the worldly activities will be accomplished in a state of love and good feelings for others. We will find doing a job as a means to interconnect with others; to provide our services to all the other people; it will not then remain only a mere source of income. We see all other human beings very close to us, thereby reducing interpersonal conflicts and troubles. We will derive more lasting love and comfort from our family, our spouse; it will be a spiritual love that will be unconditional. Mere knowledge on these issues is not sufficient. It is practice to bring essence of God in every aspect of our life that will help in bringing changes desired for living a life filled with calmness, kindness and peace. The main benefit of looking to God is that we will gradually lose the attachment of the material world, and less affected with the worries that go with it. The mind will remain calm. The realization about God and the dormant energy, the soul can do well to our self. This will enable us to realize the divine force that generates positive feelings towards others, and stop our mind wandering here and there. The moment our mind thinks positively about others will provide bliss of peace and calmness. It has to go on a continuous basis so as to derive maximum benefit to reduce the worries from our mind. Dealing with others is affected by ego, superiority complex and selfish tendency. We try to think of own benefit in each and every dealing and interaction with others. Tendency to remain in peace is affected. We think of various things happening at a time and remain worried about any loss of prestige, wealth, status or material comfort. We remain in competition with other people all the time. This is the basic reason of our worries, fear, hate and anger. Thinking about God will reduce negative feelings. This will naturally make us to love others that will do lot of good to our own life. Little irritants that spoil our life will subsidize. When remembering God makes other things happening around us less important. We perform duty towards family in a loving and caring manner. The entire process brings more happiness and peace in our married life. We learn to respect our spouse and not to compete with each other. We need not to fear about our weakness. We reveal true feelings and need not hide anything. We feel protected and see other people as a mirror of our own reflection. The advantage of God is that all the time you remain connected with the pure thought within while performing your duty. We feel whatever we do is being dictated by the power within. We feel our self as non-entity in front of our creator. Hence, we perform duty in a state of surrender. This helps us to avoid ego. The distractive tendencies are reduced. Mind rests and do not wander here and there by constant remembrance and meditation. It is through the process of meditation that we try to bring love of humanity and God.

Suppleness in Physical Education Essay -- Papers

Suppleness in Physical Education The definition of flexibility, suppleness and mobility is the range of movement possible round a joint and this depends on the amount of stretch allowed by the ligaments, joints, tendons and muscles. Flexibility is an important component of physical fitness for all athletes as increasing your flexibility aids performance and helps to avoid unnecessary injury. It is impossible to have the same degree of flexibility around all joints as the joint structure itself limits flexibility, for example a lot of movement is possible at the shoulder joint because it is a ball and socket joint, but movement at the hinge joint of the knee is more limited. Increasing body temperature helps to improve flexibility, which is a good reason why an athlete should always warm up. Our range of movement deteriorates as we get older, due to shortening of the connective tissue and general joint degeneration caused by wear and tear. Why should a netballer do mobility exercises? The objective of mobility training is to improve the range of stretch of the antagonistic muscles. Mobility plays an important part in the preparation of netballers by developing a range of movement to allow technical development and assisting in the prevention of injury. All athletes require a basic level of general all round mobility to allow them to benefit from other forms of training. In addition, netball players will need to develop specific mobility for those joint actions involved in the techniques of their game. Netballers do not have the option to dribble the ball; therefore netball is very much a passing game. Throwing is one... ...ying netball as players have to repeatedly bend down to gather low passes or rolling balls. As I play the position of centre, a high level of stamina is vital as the centre is the player who links the defence to the attack. The centre is designated to a large area on the court so a lot of movement is required. Netball consists of the players continuously passing the ball, so endurance in the biceps brachii and triceps trachii is essential which enables players to pass the ball accurately with speed and power throughout the game. A good level of stamina will ensure that fatigue will not affect your performance. Lack of stamina is highlighted in the last quarter of many matches in which a player complains of â€Å"jelly legs.† This is usually accompanied by decreased performance in skills requiring muscular strength or power.

What is an expert? Essay -- essays research papers

Currently the most prevalent is that an expert is a person who has some skill or knowledge in some domain that is matched by only a few other people. These people are thus extraordinary in some way. Anders Ericsson, probably the best known of the researchers on expertise defines expertise as Relatively stable outstanding performance.Experts are often labeled as such. People called exceptional, superior, gifted, talented, specialist, expert, etc. tend to belong to the set of experts. There is no doubt that there are large differences in the quality of performance of different people on different tasks or in different domains. We can think of this difference as a scale of expertise. Novices are those who do not perform very well, and we can move through different levels of expertise until we find some individuals that we might say are skilled or knowledgeable beyond that of almost everyone else in the world, or world class. What is the nature of this dimension? What are the categories within which this level of expertise motif applies? Becoming an expert in any domain requires experience and effort. Don Norman introduced the notion that an someone requires 10,000 hours of experience and practice for reasonably complex domains to have the possibility of being an expert. Most people seem to agree with that assessment. In order for someone to become an expert in physics, music, chess, psychology, mathematics, baseball, etc. takes many hours, even years, of hard work and practice. ***Keith Ericsson in viewing the development of expertise argued that the most important factor, perhaps even necessary and sufficient for developing expertise is deliberative practice. Deliberative practice has four properties: (1) it is at an appropriate level of difficulty, (2) the participant receives informative feedback, (3) the participant has many opportunities for repetition, and (4) the participant has th opportunity to correct for errors (from Ericsson (1996; found in Sternberg & Ben-Zeev (2001). If we focus on the process of becoming an expert rather than the claim that only a few become expert, we may come to a position I first heard from Micki Chi. Children are universal novices. They have not developed very many of the component skills needed for any domain. Decalage is the order of the day; many of the skills needed are relatively domain specific. The topics in t... ...wa workshops; Miss America candidates from Texas; Prodigies of all sorts. Winton Marsalis view on becoming an expert: commitment, listening, training, practice, confidence, independence. Component skills and knowledges. Must borrow many of them, learn to apply them in the right places, and integrate them to the new task. Some knowledge and skill must be learned from scratch. Many skills need to be developed more highly. It is possible that all of the component skills can be decomposed into simple enough parts that they are known a priori; however, expertise still requires integrating and restructuring them into usable schemata. What is the state of novice performance? Inchoate states, random trial and error, frustration, backward chaining, small units, surface form, separate nonintegrated components, bottom-up Expert performance--focused, much forward chaining, top-down, coherent and integrated, abstract organization, large units, proceduralization, integrated sequences, skillful, selective. Ericsson, K. A. (1996). The road to excellence. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Sternberg, R. J. & Ben-Zeev, T. (2001) Complex Cognition: The psychology of human thought. New York: Oxford.

Maria Full Of Grace Essay

Maria is a spirited seventeen years old who lives in a small town in Colombia. She works for very low wages at a large industrial rose plantation. Maria comes from a family of four who desperately depend on her every paycheck just to get by in life. After so many years of working and struggling, she becomes dissatisfied with her life. Maria begins to seek more out of their daily routines. She makes drastic decisions out of desperation for a new life. Maria quits her job when her supervisor refuses to let her go to the bathroom. This was a point of finally letting go of what makes her miserable. Although, everyone around her is not as determined as she is for a better life, she continues to look for more. After an argument with her boss, she decided to quit her job in hopes for something better, more exciting. She decides to finally follow her heart and make a change. Maria later on goes to find out she is pregnant from her boyfriend. While her boyfriend purposes to her after hearing the news, she declines after realizing he doesn’t even love her. Maria is looking for something new, but marriage is not the answer. She notices how miserable her sister is with a baby and the idea doesn’t settle in with her. The situation only makes her look for something different. In the process of looking for a new job in Bogota, Maria comes into contact with a friend she met in a party the night before. Franklin sensed that she wanted to do something different, so he tells her about a job as a drug mule. From what they were talking about Franklin saw that she was tired of her everyday life. A drug mule is someone who carries drugs into another country. While knowing the risks, Maria unhesitatingly accepts after hearing the pay and opportunity of going somewhere other than Colombia. This shows that Maria knows what she wants; she is willing to accept anything out of her norm. She later meets with Javier, the one in charge of the operation. As he deliberately explains the risks, confidentiality, and pay of carrying drugs to America, she consciously accepts the offer. To Maria she sees this as a way out of her regular routine, and a chance to be somewhere new. She secretly speaks with Lucy, another girl who has carried drugs to America and survived all the dangers of the work for an insight of the job. During the process Maria has to swallow 62 nuggets of heroin sealed with latex and dental floss. In New York, Maria is stopped at the airport in suspicion that she is smuggling drugs. They intimidatingly interview her in an isolated room, questioning her and scolding her about why she is in New York from Colombia. During the whole interview with immigration, Maria remains calm, showing a sense of courage. After knowing the possibilities of getting caught, she persists with the x-ray they demand, to verify that she is in fact not smuggling drugs. Prior to the x-ray they take a urine test, watching her as she urinates into the cup to prove it is really her urine. When the officers receive the urine test, they find out that Maria is pregnant, and because of that they aren’t able to proceed with the x-ray. She saw this as a sign from god, as if someone was watching over her. Maria exits the airport where there are two men in a van waiting for her. In the process of retrieving the drugs from her body and from the two other girls, Lucy gets ill. When a nugget brakes in your stomach, you will eventually die, so to save the drugs the two men cut her stomach open to retrieve the drugs. Maria awakes to see the two men carry Lucy out of the hotel room. This was the first time Maria has panicked because she felt that Blanca and herself have to pay, so they run away. Maria shows leadership because she decides they need to go, and what they need to do. After running they realize the danger they were going to put their families into so they decided to contact the two men to return the drugs. Maria and her friend meet up with the men, with a lot of courage after running away from the drug dealers, and returning the drugs to receive payment. Their job is done and they are okay to go back home. While in the airport waiting for her flight to board she thinks about going back to her miserable ways. She thought about her baby, and the opportunities her baby will have in America. After thinking about it thoroughly, Maria makes the biggest decision of her life, and that is to stay in America. Maria shows how courageous and determined she is to forge a new life for herself no matter the cost. She comes close to encountering death, danger, betrayal, and violence in this process of finding herself and what she wants. Maria fights for her escape and frees herself, standing alone just as when she started this adventure. Maria breaks her norm and now will give her child the life she always wished for. She can finally close that chapter in her life, and start over new.